How to Use Colons and Semicolons (with Examples)
Colons and semicolons are often used interchangeably, but they’re actually two distinct punctuation marks with very different purposes. In this post, we’ll review how to use colons and semicolons and include examples. We’ll cover:
- The difference between a colon and a semicolon
- How to use a colon
- How to use a semicolon
- How Knowadays can help you improve your language skills
Keep reading for more on colons and semicolons!
What’s the Difference between a Colon and a Semicolon?
A colon (:) is used to introduce lists and quotations. It’s also used to introduce clarifying examples or elaborate on a previous statement.
A semicolon (;) is used to join two related independent clauses or separate items in a list when the items themselves contain commas. It can also be used to join two independent clauses in place of a comma and conjunctive adverb.
How to Use a Colon
You can use a colon to introduce a list – think of it as a synonym for “which is/are” in those cases. For example:
I need to buy some things before the new school year: pencils, notebooks, and markers. ✔
The conference will focus on three key topics: sustainability, innovation, and leadership. ✔
You can also use a colon to introduce explanations, clarifications, or statements that provide further detail or information about what was mentioned before the colon. For example:
The reason for his absence is simple: he was feeling unwell. ✔
There’s one thing I love about summer: the warm, sunny days. ✔
But when should you not use a colon? You should never use a colon after a verb or preposition:
She enjoys: running. ✘
She went to: the beach. ✘
Or between a subject and a predicate:
The dog: pulled on the leash. ✘
Note that you also shouldn’t use a comma after “such as.” “Such as” itself signals the introduction of examples, making a colon redundant in most instances.
How to Use a Semicolon
One way to use a semicolon is to join two independent clauses that are closely related in meaning but could stand alone as separate sentences. For example:
She wants to go to the movies; he wants to go see a play. ✔
It’s the last day of school; summer vacation is here. ✔
Using a semicolon shows the close relationship between these independent clauses and creates a stronger connection between the two than a period would.
Second, you can use a semicolon to improve clarity in a list where the listed items already contain commas:
The workshop attendees included Janet, the school principal; Glenn, a teacher; and Dan, the superintendent. ✔
You can also use a semicolon before conjunctive adverbs (e.g., however, therefore, and meanwhile) that connect two closely related independent clauses:
She wanted to go; however, she had too much work to finish. ✔
It’s snowing; therefore, the trip is canceled. ✔
Always use a semicolon when connecting two independent clauses, as using a comma would create a comma splice:
He was studying, his friends were playing outside. ✘
The experiment was successful, therefore, the team celebrated. ✘
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